Research progress in heterogeneity of dental mesenchymal stem cells – International Journal of Oral Science

Date:

Node: 4960878
  • Yu, T. & Klein, O. D. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of tooth development, homeostasis and repair. Development 147, dev184754 (2020).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Hosoya, A., Shalehin, N., Takebe, H., Shimo, T. & Irie, K. Sonic Hedgehog Signaling and Tooth Development. Int J. Mol. Sci. 21, 1587 (2020).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lei, T., Zhang, X. & Du, H. Characteristics, Classification, and Application of Derived from Human Teeth. Stem Cells Int. 2021, 8886854 (2021).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Liu, J. et al. Concise reviews: Characteristics and potential applications of human dental tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells 33, 627–638 (2015).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zhai, Q., Dong, Z., Wang, W., Li, B. & Jin, Y. Dental stem cell and dental tissue regeneration. Front Med 13, 152–159 (2019).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Jing, J. et al. Spatiotemporal single-cell regulatory atlas reveals neural crest lineage diversification and cellular function during tooth morphogenesis. Nat. Commun. 13, 4803 (2022).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Yu, T., Volponi, A. A., Babb, R., An, Z. & Sharpe, P. T. Stem Cells in Tooth Development, Growth, Repair, and Regeneration. Curr. Top. Dev. Biol. 115, 187–212 (2015).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Hayashi, Y., Ohnuma, K. & Furue, M. K. Pluripotent Stem Cell Heterogeneity. Adv. Exp. Med Biol. 1123, 71–94 (2019).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Paz, A. G., Maghaireh, H. & Mangano, F. G. Stem Cells in Dentistry: Types of Intra- and Extraoral Tissue-Derived Stem Cells and Clinical Applications. Stem Cells Int. 2018, 4313610 (2018).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Wen, L. & Tang, F. Single-cell sequencing in stem cell biology. Genome Biol. 17, 71 (2016).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Al Madhoun, A. et al. Dental Pulp Stem Cells Derived From Adult Human Third Molar Tooth: A Brief Review. Front Cell Dev. Biol. 9, 717624 (2021).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Pagella, P., de Vargas Roditi, L., Stadlinger, B., Moor, A. E. & Mitsiadis, T. A. A single-cell atlas of human teeth. iScience 24, 102405 (2021).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Morsczeck, C. & Reichert, T. E. Dental stem cells in tooth regeneration and repair in the future. Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. 18, 187–196 (2018).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zhang, X. & Liu, L. Applications of single cell RNA sequencing to research of stem cells. World J. Stem Cells 11, 722–728 (2019).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zhang, X., Caetano, A. J., Sharpe, P. T. & Volponi, A. A. Oral stem cells, decoding and mapping the resident cells populations. Biomater. Transl. 3, 24–30 (2022).

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Janebodin, K. et al. Isolation and characterization of neural crest-derived stem cells from dental pulp of neonatal mice. PLoS One 6, e27526 (2011).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Aydin, S. & Sahin, F. Stem Cells Derived from Dental Tissues. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 1144, 123–132 (2019).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lacruz, R. S., Habelitz, S., Wright, J. T. & Paine, M. L. Dental Enamel Formation and Implications for Oral Health and Disease. Physiol. Rev. 97, 939–993 (2017).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Mohabatpour, F., Chen, X., Papagerakis, S. & Papagerakis, P. Novel trends, challenges and new perspectives for enamel repair and regeneration to treat dental defects. Biomater. Sci. 10, 3062–3087 (2022).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Pandya, M. & Diekwisch, T. G. H. Enamel biomimetics-fiction or future of dentistry. Int J. Oral. Sci. 11, 8 (2019).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Ouchi, T. & Nakagawa, T. Mesenchymal stem cell-based tissue regeneration therapies for periodontitis. Regen. Ther. 14, 72–78 (2020).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Sui, B. D. et al. Mesenchymal condensation in tooth development and regeneration: a focus on translational aspects of organogenesis. Physiol. Rev. 103, 1899–1964 (2023).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Gu, X. et al. Profiling and functional characterization of long noncoding RNAs during human tooth development. Int J. Oral. Sci. 17, 38 (2025).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zhao, Y. et al. Single-cell RNA-seq of in vitro expanded cells from cranial neural crest reveals a rare odontogenic sub-population. Cell Prolif. 57, e13598 (2024).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Yalvac, M. E. et al. Isolation and characterization of stem cells derived from human third molar tooth germs of young adults: implications in neo-vascularization, osteo-, adipo- and neurogenesis. Pharmacogenomics J. 10, 105–113 (2010).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Guo, W., Fan, Z., Wang, S. & Du, J. ALK5 is essential for tooth germ differentiation during tooth development. Biotech. Histochem 94, 481–490 (2019).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zhang, R. et al. Integrated multi-omics profiling characterizes the crucial role of human dental epithelium during tooth development. Cell Rep. 44, 115437 (2025).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zhaosong, M., Na, F., Shuling, G., Jiacheng, L. & Ran, W. Heterogeneity affects the differentiation potential of dental follicle stem cells through the TGF-beta signaling pathway. Bioengineered 12, 12294–12307 (2021).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zeng, L. et al. Runx2 and Nell-1 in dental follicle progenitor cells regulate bone remodeling and tooth eruption. Stem Cell Res. Ther. 13, 486 (2022).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bi, R. et al. Function of Dental Follicle Progenitor/Stem Cells and Their Potential in Regenerative Medicine: From Mechanisms to Applications. Biomolecules 11, 997 (2021).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Morsczeck, C. et al. Isolation of precursor cells (PCs) from human dental follicle of wisdom teeth. Matrix Biol. 24, 155–165 (2005).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lima, R. L. et al. Human dental follicle cells express embryonic, mesenchymal and neural stem cells markers. Arch. Oral. Biol. 73, 121–128 (2017).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Nagata, M., English, J. D., Ono, N. & Ono, W. Diverse stem cells for periodontal tissue formation and regeneration. Genesis 60, e23495 (2022).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Nagata, M., Chu, A. K. Y., Ono, N., Welch, J. D. & Ono, W. Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Developmental Relationships and Specific Markers of Mouse Periodontium Cellular Subsets. Front. Dent. Med. 2, 679937 (2021).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kotova, A. V. et al. Comparative Analysis of Dental Pulp and Periodontal Stem Cells: Differences in Morphology, Functionality, Osteogenic Differentiation and Proteome. Biomedicines 9, 1606 (2021).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Sonoyama, W. et al. Characterization of the apical papilla and its residing stem cells from human immature permanent teeth: a pilot study. J. Endod. 34, 166–171 (2008).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Li, X. et al. Development of immortalized Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath cell lines for cementum and dentin regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther. 10, 3 (2019).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kang, J., Fan, W., Deng, Q., He, H. & Huang, F. Stem Cells from the Apical Papilla: A Promising Source for Stem Cell-Based Therapy. Biomed. Res. Int 2019, 6104738 (2019).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Sonoyama, W. et al. Mesenchymal stem cell-mediated functional tooth regeneration in swine. PLoS One 1, e79 (2006).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Liang, J. et al. A pilot study on biological characteristics of human CD24(+) stem cells from the apical papilla. J. Dent. Sci. 17, 264–275 (2022).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Digka, A., Gounari, E., Kouzi-Koliakou, K. & Lyroudia, K. Effect of Long-Term Cryopreservation on the Stemness of Stem Cells of Apical Papilla. Int J. Dent. 2022, 6004350 (2022).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Nada, O. A. & El Backly, R. M. Stem Cells From the Apical Papilla (SCAP) as a Tool for Endogenous Tissue Regeneration. Front Bioeng. Biotechnol. 6, 103 (2018).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lei, T., Zhang, X., Chen, P., Li, Q. & Du, H. Proteomic profile of human dental follicle stem cells and apical papilla stem cells. J. Proteom. 231, 103928 (2021).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Liu, Q., Gao, Y. & He, J. Stem Cells from the Apical Papilla (SCAPs): Past, Present. Prospects, Chall. Biomedicines 11, 2047 (2023).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Wang, H. & Cao, Y. WIF1 enhanced dentinogenic differentiation in stem cells from apical papilla. BMC Oral. Health 19, 25 (2019).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Weng, Y. et al. A single-cell transcriptomic atlas of human stem cells from apical papilla during the committed differentiation. Int Endod. J. 58, 305–321 (2025).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Songsaad, A. T. et al. Characterization of neural stem cells derived from human stem cells from the apical papilla undergoing three-dimensional neurosphere induction. J. Appl Oral. Sci. 31, e20230209 (2023).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Wang, X. T., Rao, N. Q., Fang, T. J., Zhao, Y. M. & Ge, L. H. Comparison of the properties of CD146 positive and CD146 negative subpopulations of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 50, 284–292 (2018).

    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kok, Z. Y. et al. Dental Pulp Stem Cell Heterogeneity: Finding Superior Quality “Needles” in a Dental Pulpal “Haystack” for Regenerative Medicine-Based Applications. Stem Cells In.t 2022, 9127074 (2022).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Delle Monache, S. et al. In Vitro Conditioning Determines the Capacity of Dental Pulp Stem Cells to Function as Pericyte-Like Cells. Stem Cells Dev. 28, 695–706 (2019).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Marrelli, M. et al. Dental Pulp Stem Cell Mechanoresponsiveness: Effects of Mechanical Stimuli on Dental Pulp Stem Cell Behavior. Front Physiol. 9, 1685 (2018).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Mun, S., Kim, S. M., Choi, M.-J. & Jang, Y.-J. Transcriptome Profile of Membrane and Extracellular Matrix Components in Ligament-Fibroblastic Progenitors and Cementoblasts Differentiated from Human Periodontal Ligament Cells. Genes 13, 659 (2022).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Luzuriaga, J. et al. Advances and Perspectives in Dental Pulp Stem Cell Based Neuroregeneration Therapies. Int J. Mol. Sci. 22, 3546 (2021).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Pagella, P., de Vargas Roditi, L., Stadlinger, B., Moor, A. E. & Mitsiadis, T. A. Notch signaling in the dynamics of perivascular stem cells and their niches. Stem Cells Transl. Med 10, 1433–1445 (2021).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Oh, M., Zhang, Z., Mantesso, A., Oklejas, A. E. & Nor, J. E. Endothelial-Initiated Crosstalk Regulates Dental Pulp Stem Cell Self-Renewal. J. Dent. Res. 99, 1102–1111 (2020).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Gronthos, S., Mankani, M., Brahim, J., Robey, P. G. & Shi, S. Postnatal human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in vitro and in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 13625–13630 (2000).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lee, S. et al. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Analysis of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cell and Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell. J. Endod. 48, 240–248 (2022).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Nel, S., Durandt, C., Murdoch, C. & Pepper, M. S. Determinants of Dental Pulp Stem Cell Heterogeneity. J. Endod. 48, 1232–1240 (2022).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Ren, H., Wen, Q., Zhao, Q., Wang, N. & Zhao, Y. Atlas of human dental pulp cells at multiple spatial and temporal levels based on single-cell sequencing analysis. Front. Physiol. 13, 993478 (2022).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lai, C. F. et al. Nogo-A Regulates the Fate of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells toward Osteogenic, Adipogenic, and Neurogenic Differentiation. Cells 11, 3415 (2022).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bi, R. et al. A single-cell transcriptional atlas reveals resident progenitor cell niche functions in TMJ disc development and injury. Nat. Commun. 14, 830 (2023).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Cui, Y. et al. Single-cell characterization of monolayer cultured human dental pulp stem cells with enhanced differentiation capacity. Int J. Oral. Sci. 13, 44 (2021).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Di, T. et al. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals vascularization-associated cell subpopulations in dental pulp: PDGFRbeta+ DPSCs with activated PI3K/AKT pathway. Stem Cells 42, 914–927 (2024).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Ye, G. et al. ALKBH5 facilitates CYP1B1 mRNA degradation via m6A demethylation to alleviate MSC senescence and osteoarthritis progression. Exp. Mol. Med. 55, 1743–1756 (2023).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Fu, Y. et al. Identification of GPI-anchored protein LYPD1 as an essential factor for odontoblast differentiation in tooth development. J. Biol. Chem. 299, 104638 (2023).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Chen, S. et al. Loss of Bmp2 impairs odontogenesis via dysregulating pAkt/pErk/GCN5/Dlx3/Sp7. Res. Sq. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3299295/v1 (2023).

  • Sasaki, K., Suzuki, S., Fahreza, R. R., Nemoto, E. & Yamada, S. Dynamic changes in chromatin accessibility during the differentiation of dental pulp stem cells reveal that induction of odontogenic gene expression is linked with specific enhancer construction. J. Dent. Sci. 19, 1705–1713 (2024).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zhang, Q. et al. Chromatin Accessibility Predetermines Odontoblast Terminal Differentiation. Front Cell Dev. Biol. 9, 769193 (2021).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Liu, M., Goldman, G., MacDougall, M. & Chen, S. BMP Signaling Pathway in Dentin Development and Diseases. Cells 11, 2216 (2022).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bayarsaihan, D., Enkhmandakh, B., Vijaykumar, A., Robson, P. & Mina, M. Single-cell transcriptome analysis defines mesenchymal stromal cells in the mouse incisor dental pulp. Gene Expr. Patterns 43, 119228 (2022).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Han, Q. et al. Nell-1 promotes the neural-like differentiation of dental pulp cells. Biochem Biophys. Res. Commun. 513, 515–521 (2019).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Ferrarotti, F. et al. Human intrabony defect regeneration with micrografts containing dental pulp stem cells: A randomized controlled clinical trial. J. Clin. Periodontol. 45, 841–850 (2018).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Matichescu, A. et al. Advanced Biomaterials and Techniques for Oral Tissue Engineering and Regeneration-A Review. Mater. (Basel) 13, 5303 (2020).

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Qian, Y. et al. DLP printed hDPSC-loaded GelMA microsphere regenerates dental pulp and repairs spinal cord. Biomaterials 299, 122137 (2023).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Yao, L. et al. Chronological and Replicative Aging of CD51( + )/PDGFR-α(+) Pulp Stromal Cells. J. Dent. Res 102, 929–937 (2023).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zhang, W. et al. Single-cell atlas of dental pulp stem cells exposed to the oral bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis and Enterococcus faecalis. Front Cell Dev. Biol. 11, 1166934 (2023).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Irfan, M. & Chung, S. C5L2 modulates BDNF production in human dental pulp stem cells via p38alpha pathway. Sci. Rep. 13, 74 (2023).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Irfan, M., Kim, J. H., Druzinsky, R. E., Ravindran, S. & Chung, S. Complement C5aR/LPS-induced BDNF and NGF modulation in human dental pulp stem cells. Sci. Rep. 12, 2042 (2022).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Seo, B. M. et al. Investigation of multipotent postnatal stem cells from human periodontal ligament. Lancet 364, 149–155 (2004).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zhang, J. et al. Dental Follicle Stem Cells: Tissue Engineering and Immunomodulation. Stem Cells Dev. 28, 986–994 (2019).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Oka, H. et al. Subset of the periodontal ligament expressed leptin receptor contributes to part of hard tissue-forming cells. Sci. Rep. 13, 3442 (2023).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zhang, D. et al. Lepr-Expressing PDLSCs Contribute to Periodontal Homeostasis and Respond to Mechanical Force by Piezo1. Adv. Sci. (Weinh.) 10, e2303291 (2023).

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Liu, H. et al. Periodontal Ligament Cell Apoptosis Activates Lepr+ Osteoprogenitors in Orthodontics. J. Dent. Res 103, 937–947 (2024).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Yi, Y., Liu, Y., Men, Y., Wang, J. & Zhao, H. Advances in periodontal stem cells and the regulating niche: From in vitro to in vivo. Genesis 60, e23494 (2022).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zhang, J. C., Song, Z. C., Xia, Y. R. & Shu, R. Extracellular matrix derived from periodontal ligament cells maintains their stemness and enhances redifferentiation via the wnt pathway. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 106, 272–284 (2018).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zheng, Y., Li, X., Huang, Y., Jia, L. & Li, W. Time series clustering of mRNA and lncRNA expression during osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells. PeerJ 6, e5214 (2018).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zhang, Y. Y. et al. Single cell RNA sequencing reveals mesenchymal heterogeneity and critical functions of Cd271 in tooth development. World J. Stem Cells 15, 589–606 (2023).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Wen, W. et al. Osteogenic mesenchymal stem cells/progenitors in the periodontium. Oral. Dis. 30, 914–920 (2023).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Roato, I., Chinigo, G., Genova, T., Munaron, L. & Mussano, F. Oral Cavity as a Source of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Useful for Regenerative Medicine in Dentistry. Biomedicines 9, 1085 (2021).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Soudi, A. et al. Role and application of stem cells in dental regeneration: A comprehensive overview. EXCLI J. 20, 454–489 (2021).

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Queiroz, A. et al. Therapeutic potential of periodontal ligament stem cells. World J. Stem Cells 13, 605–618 (2021).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Tomokiyo, A., Wada, N. & Maeda, H. Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells: Regenerative Potency in Periodontium. Stem Cells Dev. 28, 974–985 (2019).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Lin, W. et al. Mapping the immune microenvironment for mandibular alveolar bone homeostasis at single-cell resolution. Bone Res 9, 17 (2021).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Li, T. Q., Meng, X. B., Shi, Q. & Zhang, T. [Research progress in biological characteristics and influencing factors of jaw bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 57, 107–112 (2022).

    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Liu, J., Watanabe, K., Dabdoub, S. M., Lee, B. S. & Kim, D. G. Site-specific characteristics of bone and progenitor cells in control and ovariectomized rats. Bone 163, 116501 (2022).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Jin, A. et al. ScRNA-Seq Reveals a Distinct Osteogenic Progenitor of Alveolar Bone. J. Dent. Res 102, 645–655 (2023).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zong, C., Zhao, L., Huang, C., Chen, Y. & Tian, L. Isolation and Culture of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells from the Human Mandible. J. Vis. Exp. 182, e63811 (2022).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Hong, Y. et al. Isolation and Cultivation of Mandibular Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Rats. J. Vis. Exp. 162, e61532 (2020).


    Google Scholar
     

  • Chen, X. et al. Mechanical stretch-induced osteogenic differentiation of human jaw bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hJBMMSCs) via inhibition of the NF-kappaB pathway. Cell Death Dis. 9, 207 (2018).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Cao, W. et al. miR-344d-3p regulates osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of mouse mandibular bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. PeerJ 11, e14838 (2023).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zhang, W. et al. Cathepsin K deficiency promotes alveolar bone regeneration by promoting jaw bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells proliferation and differentiation via glycolysis pathway. Cell Prolif. 54, e13058 (2021).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Jin, Y. et al. MicroRNA-145 suppresses osteogenic differentiation of human jaw bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells partially via targeting semaphorin 3 A. Connect Tissue Res 61, 577–585 (2020).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Miura, M. et al. SHED: stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100, 5807–5812 (2003).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kunimatsu, R. et al. Bone Differentiation Ability of CD146-Positive Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth. Int J. Mol. Sci. 24, 4048 (2023).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Bergamo, M. T., Zhang, Z., Oliveira, T. M. & Nor, J. E. VEGFR1 primes a unique cohort of dental pulp stem cells for vasculogenic differentiation. Eur. Cell Mater. 41, 332–344 (2021).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Rikitake, K. et al. Effect of CD146( + ) SHED on bone regeneration in a mouse calvaria defect model. Oral. Dis. 29, 725–734 (2023).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Ishiy, F. A. A. et al. CD105 is regulated by hsa-miR-1287 and its expression is inversely correlated with osteopotential in SHED. Bone 106, 112–120 (2018).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Fawzy El-Sayed, K. M. et al. Toll-like receptor expression profile of stem/progenitor cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth. Int J. Paediatr. Dent. 33, 607–614 (2023).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Fawzy El-Sayed, K. M. & Dorfer, C. E. Gingival Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells: A Unique Tissue Engineering Gem. Stem Cells Int. 2016, 7154327 (2016).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Zhang, Q. et al. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from human gingiva are capable of immunomodulatory functions and ameliorate inflammation-related tissue destruction in experimental colitis. J. Immunol. 183, 7787–7798 (2009).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Kim, D., Lee, A. E., Xu, Q., Zhang, Q. & Le, A. D. Gingiva-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Potential Application in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine – A Comprehensive Review. Front Immunol. 12, 667221 (2021).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Fonticoli, L. et al. A Narrative Review: Gingival Stem Cells as a Limitless Reservoir for Regenerative Medicine. Int J. Mol. Sci. 23, 4135 (2022).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Al-Qadhi, G., Aboushady, I. & Al-Sharabi, N. The Gingiva from the Tissue Surrounding the Bone to the Tissue Regenerating the Bone: A Systematic Review of the Osteogenic Capacity of Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Preclinical Studies. Stem Cells Int. 2021, 6698100 (2021).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Dave, J. R. et al. Human gingival mesenchymal stem cells retain their growth and immunomodulatory characteristics independent of donor age. Sci. Adv. 25, eabm6504 (2022).

    Article 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Grawish, M. E. Gingival-derived mesenchymal stem cells: An endless resource for regenerative dentistry. World J. Stem Cells 10, 116–118 (2018).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Tolouei, A. E. et al. Gingival mesenchymal stem cell therapy, immune cells, and immunoinflammatory application. Mol. Biol. Rep. 50, 10461–10469 (2023).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar
     

  • Wu, W. et al. B7-H1 Promotes the Functional Effect of Human Gingiva-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Collagen-Induced Arthritis Murine Model. Mol. Ther. 28, 2417–2429 (2020).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar